Nonverbal Communication Communication-Impacts on Small Business Research Paper

Nonverbal Communication-Impacts on Small Business - Research Paper Example Words can have no or inconsequential impact on the off chance that they are not bolstered by nonverbal correspondence. By figuring out how to decipher the nonverbal correspondence and rehearsing the strategies, the business would make great communicators as well as have great businesspersons, which is basic for a business to arrive at its objectives. Individuals in associations normally invest over 75% of their energy in a relational circumstance; along these lines it is nothing unexpected to find that at the foundation of an enormous number of hierarchical issues is poor correspondences. Viable correspondence is a fundamental part of authoritative achievement whether it is at the relational, intergroup, intragroup, hierarchical, or outer levels. Non-verbal correspondence comprises of the considerable number of messages other than words that are utilized in correspondence. In oral correspondence, these representative messages are moved by methods for pitch, the manner of speaking, vocally created clamors, body pose, body signals, outward appearances or delays. Entrepreneurs ought to have the capacity to peruse the numerous nonverbal signals representatives, clients, and providers may impart. In the event that you watch signals, outward appearances, tone variety, and so on., the likelihood of powerful interchanges is essentially expanded. This breakdown shows that compelling nonverbal relational abilities are fundamental. ... There is nothing more awful than conveying a discourse about how well your association is getting along while simultaneously, shrugging, glaring and getting some distance from the crowd. You would send blended messages and dependent on the above scale nobody in the crowd will accept that the organization is really performing admirably. Successful correspondence is the joined congruity of verbal and nonverbal activities. Nonverbal correspondence comprises of body development, outward appearances, and eye development. Body Movement shows demeanor, passes on emotions fills in as artists and controllers. Artists are nonverbal developments that go with and outline verbal correspondence. Controllers are nonverbal signs that screen or control the talking about another person. While tuning in to an individual you gesture your head to show that you comprehend and are in concurrence with the speaker. You turn away or yawn to demonstrate that you are exhausted or might want for the speaker to quit talking. You scowl or cause a commotion to show to the speaker that you either don't accept they are that you don't comprehend. Non-verbal conduct originates before verbal correspondence in light of people, since birth, depend first on non-verbal intends to communicate. This intrinsic character of non-verbal conduct is significant in correspondence. Indeed, even before a sentence is articulated, the listener watches the body motions and outward appearances of the speaker, attempting to understand these representative messages. They appear to be trustable on the grounds that they are for the most part oblivious and part of consistently conduct. Individuals expect that non-verbal activities don't lie and in this way they will in general accept the non-verbal message when a verbal message repudiates it. Â

Family Observation Paper Essay

Puberty, the period after center youth, is a urgent time in the life of a person. Puberty (age eleven through nineteen or twenty) is the time among adolescence and adulthood and is joined by major physical, psychological, and psychosocial changes. For this perception, I will be watching my flat mate, Amore, who is eighteen-years of age. Truly, I will research pubescence and wellbeing. Psychologically, I will inspect Kohlberg’s see on moral thinking and impact on school accomplishment. Psychosocially, I will break down personality and responsibility. My flat mate, Amore, likewise happens to be my closest companion. We met in secondary school and both made arrangements to start our experience by going to FSU. For this paper, I watched her conversing with one of our companions about her confidence. It was a Friday night and one of our companions had quite recently said a final farewell to his sweetheart and was down about it so he had come over for some guidance. She sat with him in the front room and made the most of the chance to introduce Christ to him a genuine and incredible way. Love is eighteen-years of age, around five foot two, and was wearing jean shorts and a plain white tee. Under the difficult circumstance, she stepped up and petition God for him forthright, before she offered her own guidance. She talked maturely, however what stood apart most about her discussion with out companion was the manner by which authentic all that she said was. Rather than counsel that appeared to be scripted and edged, you could tell that she was talking as a matter of fact. Her expert articulation and certainty appeared to significantly facilitate the torment and scorn that obviously obfuscated the room. Her idiosyncrasies and discourse were so straightforward, yet so affecting. It was extremely evident that, in the wake of talking with her, our companion felt at much better simplicity and was starting to take a gander at his circumstance from an alternate point of view. Physical advancement alludes to the body’s improvement of various aptitudes. Remembered for physical advancement are pubescence and wellbeing. Pubescence is the procedure by which an individual achieves sexual development and, subsequently, the capacity to recreate. Love started feminine cycle at the extremely youthful age of ten. As indicated by the book, factors present in her life at the time could represent such a promising start. For instance, measurements show that little youngsters who have missing dads in their lives are probably going to start pubescence at an a lot more youthful age than a kid who had a current dad. Correspondingly, young ladies whose mother’s are severe (commonly, in light of the fact that they need to assume the job of both mother and father) are likewise bound to discharge before. The two conditions were clear in Amore’s life and could along these lines represent untimely adolescence. Wellbeing is characterized as a condition of complete physical, passionate, and social prosperity. In immaturity, physical action diminishes all through secondary school years. Notwithstanding, the inverse was valid in Amore’s life. She started karate in center school and, as the years advanced, her preparation strengthened. Therefore, her secondary school years had the most serious physical action. Poor rest designs, which incorporate resting late and sleeping late, are apparent in youthful years. This is valid in Amore’s life. She rests late, rests soundly into the later evening, and takes snoozes for the duration of the day. Memory, thinking, language, and recognition are for the most part segments of psychological turn of events, a field of study in neuroscience and brain science. Remembered for psychological advancement are postconventional ethical quality and dynamic commitment. Kohlberg’s levels of profound quality portrayed three degrees of good thinking, the remainder of which is postconventional ethical quality. It is in this third degree of ethical quality that individuals follow inside held good standards and can settle on clashing good measures. Love shows that she has arrived at the third degree of Kohlberg’s hypothesis since she can perceive clashes between moral gauges and makes her own decisions as needs be. For instance, when she was exhorting Edgar, she perceived that it isn’t alright to mislead your life partner, yet given his circumstance, his activities were supported. Dynamic commitment is characterized as the consideration, premium, speculation, and exertion understudies exhaust in crafted by school. Love certainly embodies dynamic conduct in her optional work-contemplates. Originating from a low-pay family, she was shown the worth and significance of going to class and making a big deal about yourself. She is mindful in class, dependable, and applies most extreme exertion. Psychosocial improvement includes an individual’s communication with their condition and their friends. Remembered for psychosocial advancement are character and responsibility. Personality is characterized as a lucid origination of oneself, comprised of objectives, qualities, and convictions to which an individual is determinedly dedicated. Regularly, one’s quest for personality becomes possibly the most important factor during the immature years. At eighteen years old, obviously Amore is unflinching in her character, knowing precisely what her identity is. As a submitted Christian, Amore can distinguish herself as an offspring of God, unhesitatingly observing herself through His eyes. Responsibility is Marcia’s expression for individual interest in an occupation or arrangement of convictions. As indicated by Marcia’s character status, Amore has arrived at personality accomplishment. There was a period of emergency where she really thought about to what she tried to be throughout everyday life and how she could utilize God’s blessings and abilities to arrive at others. She settled on the choice to utilize her life to help battle human-dealing and has made strides to emphatically focus on such an association. All things considered, Amore shows an extremely sound and develop viewpoint in her youthful stage. Genuinely, psychologically, and psychosocially, she exceeds expectations in all territories. It is clear that her activities are particularly in accordance with her formative age. I accept she is formatively on track and is on time for ordinary formative development.

Observations at Roosevelt middle school Essay

I see at Roosevelt Middle School, which is in River Forest, in Mrs. Braun’s 6th grade English class on Tuesdays in the first part of the day. As I have watched, I have seen that the study hall is understudy focused. During PC time, Mrs. Braun concentrated more on helping the understudies get into the PC program to begin the task than on having sufficient opportunity to complete the task. A few times, Mrs. Braun gave accommodating remarks on the most proficient method to get things done on the PC or in the program, for example, how to introduce programmed spell check. Mrs. Braun was likewise persistent as she was being posed inquiries while she was attempting to clarify the task. From what I saw, a few understudies were getting exhausted, however, while the task was being disclosed and begun murmuring to one another. In any case, the murmuring stopped when the understudies needed to begin on the task. I have likewise seen that there is by all accounts a solid arrangement of rules set up in Mrs. Braun’s study hall. This is clear through some of Mrs. Braun’s unpretentious, and not really inconspicuous, updates. For instance, she delicately made a case of an understudy by bringing up that his brightened pen (with a senseless topper on it) was not permitted in class on the off chance that it would have been played and not utilized. She offered a general expression that all pens like it are not invited is they will be played with. In general, the understudies observe the standards well overall, and there have not been any extreme disturbances. There has just been murmuring incidentally, however it halted when Mrs. Braun inquired. Disciplinary procedures appear to be set up also, in spite of the fact that I have not seen any order utilized while I have been watching the class. There is even an everyday practice set up in the study hall for every period. During period one, as a matter of first importance, old assignments are gathered by Mrs. Braun, and afterward jargon is secured. At that point a jargon task is given with some other new assignments on what is being spread in class. Next the instructor peruses or goes over any doled out readings from the book that is being canvassed in class. This is a similar fundamental daily schedule for period two. The third time frame is PC time and the routine appears to change. There is a fast progress from action to action during these schedules. The study hall condition is that of an essential homeroom setting. There are a few beautifications and different things holding tight the divider. Among the enrichments is a hand-made schedule on the divider by Mrs. Braun’s work area. There is a background marked by each student’s keep going name on the divider on the opposite side of Mrs. Braun’s work area. There is by all accounts a controlled temperature and lighting in the study hall and they are set at a sufficient setting. The room is orchestrated with five gatherings of work areas in a round sort shape. In the room is where new assignments are put and perusing diaries are kept. There are various areas all through the space for various supplies. With the design of the room, it appears there is sufficient space to move around and do in-class exercises. The physical space additionally appears to be helpful for educating and learning. The physical space, including seating and gathering courses of action, appears to upgrade participation and learning in light of the fact that there is by all accounts less interruptions around them. There is by all accounts less interruptions on the grounds that the understudies have less individuals to converse with than if they were situated in lines, however they may even now be enticed to talk. This homeroom appears to work well as an all out condition through its format. I have watched numerous things in my first two perceptions in Quite a while. Braun’s class. The understudies do a great deal of in-seat assignments, for example, gifts. There is by all accounts a couple of good undertakings being done however they are done for the most part outside of class. I feel that some time ought to be spent in class taking a shot at the tasks, regardless of whether it is 10-15 minutes. The format appears both a smart thought and an ill-conceived notion. It appears to be a smart thought supposing that one understudy stalls out on something, there are others around to help. It is by all accounts a poorly conceived notion, however, due to what I expressed previously, there is as yet the allurement for the understudies to talk when they are not assume to and divert one another. The main ramifications I have is that it appears that some old strategies are difficult to abandon, for example, occupied work (hand outs), for progressively intelligent techniques (connection with one another).

Relationship Of Religious And Citizenship Education Education Essay Free Essays

I have been approached to create an article basically breaking down the relationship of otherworldly and citizenship guidance. I will gauge whether the two points will help one another, or in the event that one of them will be in harm's way, and eat up each other. I will remember the adherents for my article: the historical backdrop of otherworldly guidance and citizenship guidance. We will compose a custom exposition test on Relationship Of Religious And Citizenship Education Essay or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now I will talk, for and against articulations on profound and citizenship guidance. I will demo some factual and specialists examines ; on how great these exercise are making. I will advert some fitting assets to be utilized in the schoolroom to gain proficiency with these exercises. Besides more I am making a trip to make about the situations out of those learning these subjects in schools. Meanings of otherworldly guidance Watson 1992 p.12 ‘Religion is especially worried about what one reveres which is in twist associated with what one figures one should be in stunningness of, experience low towards, dread, etc. Which are non worried about any of them ‘ . Another meaning of profound guidance Thompson and Watson 2006 p.65 ‘pupils are instructed that confidence includes: stories ; conviction ; rights and off base ; network ; rituals ; emotions ‘ . These definitions recommend that otherworldly guidance is connected to revering, regarding different civic establishments and convictions, and cognizing directly from inaccurate. Strict guidance could other than end prejudice in the public arena, by kids cognizing about various convictions of individuals. Broadbent and Brown investigation 2002 p.173 identify with the swann recommending that ‘bringing about a more noteworthy trepidation of decent variety of religions these days in Britain today can other than hence we accept play a significant capacity in contesting and improve ofing bigotry ‘ . In my feeling profound guidance is to make with otherworldly and virtues in various beliefs or religions. Meanings of Citizenship Education ( the crimp study 1998, p.9 ) ‘In the political custom coming from the Greek city regions and the Roman majority rule government, citizenship has implied commitment in open individual businesss by the individuals who had the privileges of residents: to take parcel in open contention and, straight or by implication, in deciding the Torahs and judgments of an area. Another meaning of citizenship ( Collins 2008 p.1 ) ‘citizenship guidance is tied in with helping youthful individuals to comprehend their privileges and obligations, to see how society works, and to play a functioning capacity in the public eye ‘ . An alternate meaning of citizenship guidance ( Skelton, Francis and Smulyan 2006 p.286-287 ) ‘tends to expect that school students are instructed about agent vote based system and parliamentary political relations ‘ . From these definitions I can see that the main nations that are engaged with citizenship guidance ar e political relations and the individual ‘s work in the public arena. On the different manus citizenship takes on increasingly political purpose of position and it is greater contention based. History of profound guidance began in 1811 when the national society advanced otherworldly guidance, to gracefully guidance for the hapless children in the set up chapel schools. In the 1870 Education Act new schools were set up, run by nearby governments with their course of study to incorporate profound guidance. In 1931 an investigation was discharged called the Hadow study which in a general sense said that profound guidance is basic for larning. Thompson and Watson 2007 p.54 ‘the guidance of confidence is at the chest of all learning ‘ . There was an investigation composed on optional schools, in 1938 called the spens study which was expressing, all children should be educated about confidence. Thompson and Watson 2007 p.54 region that ‘no male kid or miss can be considered acceptably taught except if the individual has been made mindful of the being of profound perusing of life ‘ . The Education Act of 1944 necessitated that all schools should gracefully ‘religious heading ‘ , while leting the two educators and guardians in the interest of their children the option to withdraw. The Education Reform Act 1988 acquainted the National Curriculum with schools in England and Wales. This gave the educators an endeavor which was to instruct kids about confidence, the central point which is Christianity, portraying a portion of the other profound examples and non instruct them. Thompson and Watson 2007 p.54 referenced that ‘religious guidance ought to mirror the reality the profound conventions of Great Britain are, in the boss, Christian while taking history of the other standard religions spoke to in Great Britain ‘ . SACRE ‘s ( Standing Advisory Councils for R.E. ) boss obligation is to rede the LEA on profound guidance to be educated in similarity with the Agreed Syllabus in Community and Voluntary Controlled schools. Concurred course of studies are created out of the national rules contained in the non legal national model for RE. The benefits of these are it gives rules to non specializers in RE other than it will help RE co-ordinators in arranging each piece great as evaluation. Corporate Worship is legally required to take topographic point each school twenty-four hours, it is all around acknowledged that Collective Worship, should gracefully understudies with unbounded for thought as well as ought to question. I think this is a basic segment of a school twenty-four hours since all staff and children assemble in the corridor, state implores, sing vocals other than they can make classification congregations on various celebrations: Christmas, Diwali and Eid gatherings this will offer co gnizance to the children and staff hearing. RE is non segment of the National Curriculum, yet should be instructed in schools by statute. By statute, all region schools must gain proficiency with the subject RE, but to students pulled back from classifications by their folks. History of citizenship, in 1964 the Association for Teaching the Social Sciences ( ATSS ) was established at the Institute of Education, University of London, which was to progress cultural logical control learning in schools. The points remembered for this were humanism, monetary sciences and political logical order. During this clasp Bernard Crick was keen on talking methods of securing political relations in optional guidance and the advantages of this for the understudies. Cairns, Gardner and Lawton 2004 p.11 have taken a gander at this more remote ‘At some stage every single youthful individuals. . . ought to infer some awareness of what political relations is roughly. Kink accordingly got dynamic in a course of study undertaking financed by the Hansard Society considered the Program for Political Literacy that created an investigation Political Education and Political Literacy ( Hansard, 1978 ) ‘ . Because of a modification in specialists at that clasp kept this inv estigation from being distributed and we could hold seen citizenship guidance throughout study. Cairns, Gardner and Lawton 2004 p.11 ‘unfortunately, the modification of experts in 1979 forestalled any quick activity: most Conservatives were so hesitant of political guidance †‘citizenship guidance ‘ may hold been progressively satisfactory ‘ . In the 1990 ‘s there was a worry over insufficiency of association towards political relations by the youngster, so the specialists needed to step in and make something to work out this activity. They acquainted citizenship guidance with give kids more awareness of political exercises. Some factual data, demoing reason for why first clasp balloters, do non vote during decisions. The Crick study 1998, p.15 ‘A MORI concentrate for the News of the World in March 1997 on first-time balloters found that 28 percent said they would non vote or were unlikely to, 55 percent said that they were non intrigued or co uld non be irritated, 17 percent said that it would non do any distinction, and 10 percent said they did non swear any legislators ‘ . I concur with this explanation that individuals do n’t vote. Relatively few juvenile individuals vote, to be straightforward I have n’t casted a ballot myself. The solitary individuals whom voting form are the more seasoned coevals. The significance of profound guidance is that it will help kids, to larn about various human advancements for example what various individuals conviction and their way of life. Finding out about God, how he helps and the children ‘s ain perceptual experience on life. RE Non legal model, 2004, p.7 ) ‘provokes aspiring requests about a definitive essentialness and goal of life, convictions about God, the self image and the idea of world, issues of right and inaccurate and being human. It creates understudies ‘ cognizance and dread of Christianity, other boss beliefs, other profound conventions and other universe places that offer answers to requests, for example, these. It offers chances for individual examination and strict turn of events. It upgrades understudies ‘ awareness and fear of religions and convictions, guidelines, examples and signifiers of look, each piece great as of the impact of confidence on people, family units, networks and developments †˜ . Every one of these qualities will do an individual decent and minding in the public arena ; cognize what is correct and wrong, for example, ; tranquilize managing is off base. In the event that individuals gain proficiency with these qualities, it will benefit the general public, by doing it a more secure topographic point to populate in, without offense. The expectation of citizenship guidance in schools is basic in light of the fact that, the children can larn about political relations, rights the children are qualified for, for example, the privilege to guidance and how to be a productive member of society in the public arena. The kink study 1998, p.40 inspected the advantages of citizenship guidance ‘in schools and universities is to

Resume Example Free Essays

With 18 years experience as a Cosmetologist, 13 + years as Brand Manager/Director of Education devoted to ensuring the wellbeing of residents. Consequences of researching issues and grievances of purchasers prompted the advancement of instructive projects dependent on safeguard methods. Wellbeing, security, and sanitation are the essential concentration and objective rehearsed in both my training and occupation. We will compose a custom exposition test on Resume Example or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now I have magnificent relationship building aptitudes, profoundly viable at conveying work effectively alone, and a propelled cooperative person. As a science and microbiology understudy autonomously researched 6 + moon room diseases by structuring, dissecting tests, checking on logical information from different types of media, and revealing the outcomes. This prompted a mindfulness and inside and out examination on techniques used to test items, the nature of microscopic organisms, an assortment of media and tests used to break down and distinguish, and how to give itemized reports both composed and orally. Planned examination and lab tests performed by researching wellsprings of room diseases, for example, Colostomies botulism. Suitable inspecting methods, for example, cleaning were utilized to get microscopic organisms from nourishment sources, oil, and an assortment of other crude materials. The microbes were developed and refined on Agar plates and later Gram Stained so as to recognize the gram positive microorganisms seen with a magnifying instrument. Each kind of microscopic organisms inspected and examined required exploring sources, legitimate testing methods, developing the microbes, and appropriately recognizing every settlement. This prompted point by point lab reports with respect to all parts of the examination, strategies, procedures, and results. Created systematic critical thinking abilities, solid time the executives and authoritative aptitudes, kept up detail orientated records and information while checking time and temperature delicate microscopic organisms. This took into account precise data to be spoken with the group orally and in composed structure. As a dietetic understudy I dealt with a gathering of 6 understudies and 12 kitchen staff in the arranging, planning, and serving of a subject feast for 1 00 + understudies and workforce. The accentuation of sanitation and sanitation brought about D occurrence of injury or disease. Arranged topic feast plan with group an of 6 understudies and 2 kitchen the executives staff. Conveyed and structured stream graphs for all understudies and kitchen staff to guarantee all undertakings were practiced separately and as a group. Driven group to rehearse elevated requirements of food handling and sanitation in the planning of every item utilized by explicit rules gave by the National Restaurant Association and FDA Food Code. These guidelines were met by executing and observing utilization of thermometers and documentations made on schedule. This brought about solid yet innovative feasting experience that effectively served more than 1 00 shoppers in a sheltered and clean manner. Capacity to dissect and report through viable relational abilities and teach people on fundamental supplements. Inquired about essential job of nutrients and minerals on generally speaking procedures of the body. Created application procedures of crucial supplements its pertinence to supporting life. Broke down dietary admission of babies through finish of life stages. As an interchanges understudy broke down and deciphered an assortment of media, rehearsed arrangements on community issues, and propelled my abilities recorded as a hard copy and talking. This has brought about the capacity to be ingenious, form enduring associations with common comprehension and viably convey both orally and recorded as a hard copy. Sorted out and viably educated individual understudies and teachers on an assortment of points, for example, the significance of network gardens. By inquiring about each part of network gardens from soil to collect had the option to help plan and actualize a network garden at Mount Mary College. This was started by a discourse on the advantages of cultivating and oral correspondence with the Dietetics Department Director. Filling in as an asset plans were reviewed with respect to the proposed area, planning Of the dirt, plants to be utilized, support of the dirt and plants, collecting the harvests, and dispersing the produce. This brought about execution of a network garden which is kept up by understudies and conveyed to the detent network just as nearby network individuals. Adequately speak with a huge number of characters, sees, and statuses as a component of a group or influential position in community and individual setting. Capacity to bargain and arrange unique thoughts, clashes, and connections through composed, oral, or visual messages in numerous organizations and settings while guaranteeing the message is commonly comprehended. As a Cosmetologist I helped well more than 1000 individuals in the course of recent years with specialized aptitudes, profoundly imaginative abilities, great relational abilities, viable correspondence, and time the board aptitudes. This prompted a half increment in retail benefits and 65% expansion in benefit of administrations. Administration orientated with resilient relationship building abilities gives enduring connections and chances to create new ones. Attentive person with great relational abilities takes into account recognizing the requirements Of the client and accomplishing them through basic examination of the difficulties ahead and basic intuition corresponding to rationale, thinking, and approach. Capacity to apply hypothesis and down to earth synthetic application utilizing imagination and specialized abilities. This requires effectively assembling data and finding out about the utilization and elements of the synthetics while keeping up consistence with security rules and guidelines set out by the FDA and Cosmetology Examination Board. Keeping up exceptional and point by point records are required for each help performed. Information got from observed utilization of every compound takes into consideration potential upgrades in application strategy or item and rectification in activities taken. As Brand Manager/Director of Education have explored shopper grievances, composed nitty gritty reports relating to the outcomes, pushed in the interest of purchasers and the organization, instructed more than 1,000 classes. This brought about enhancements in item execution, procedure of utilization, and produced over $200,000 in extra deals inside the main year. Aided turn of events and execution of analytical methods used to accomplish and resolve client protests with connection to item execution. Intensive visual and verbal examination with point by point information recording of item use and results took into account precisely composed reports conveyed to appropriate power. This prompted being a functioning supporter of the group and crucial the organization to give quality items that change securely and adequately. Overseeing and driving a group of 12 teachers and 65 + deals experts created a 45% expansion in deals for the organization. Capacity to supervise execution of teachers and deals specialists while helping them in achieving their objectives through pushing for shopper needs just as protected strategy for item utilization. Arranged, composed, and coordinated innovative showcasing plans and occasions for individual and corporate level foundations. Bringing about accomplishing deal objectives and brand advertising. Shown and adequately imparted an all around structured program holding to the protected and compelling utilization of item and procedures of use. This gave uniform conveyance of data to purchasers from all teachers and deals advisors. Taking into consideration less disarray and reduction in danger of perilous item use. Bringing about wanted result of item use and buyer dedication. Business HISTORY: Eastern Hair Artists Cosmetologist March 2002 to present As a Cosmetologist I created and rehearsed administration situated practices intended to help people in accomplishing an ideal result by using an assortment of procedures, abilities, and obligations. My obligations included proceeding with training, secretarial employments, effectively learning new specialized abilities brought out by progressions made in items and procedures of use while keeping up consistence with all government and state guideline. Remaining current in strategy and item information requires looking for preparing through the Department of Regulation and Licensing just as correspondence with neighborhood item wholesalers. Proceeding with instruction hours are practiced by going to instructional meetings both on the web and in a study hall. Online classes give current sanitation laws required by the State of Wisconsin Department of Regulation and Licensing and Cosmetology Examining Board. Homeroom instructional courses comprise of learning subtleties of item use and wellbeing precautionary measures through hands on experience working with the items. Secretarial obligations incorporate booking arrangements and looking after records. Relational abilities are utilized to decide the requirements of the client and timetable the time important to perform administrations while responding to any inquiries the client may have. Records are kept up in nitty gritty customer documents giving data with respect to hypersensitivities, prescriptions, administrations performed, items utilized, dates of administrations, preparing times and applications. Accomplishing wanted outcomes is an obligation that requires cautious examination of information, a comprehension of synthetic compounds, diagnostic reasoning, and inventiveness. By investigating nitty gritty customer profile records the synthetic compounds used to play out the administrations must be deliberately considered. For instance, if a customer is hypersensitive to specific fixings a consciousness of what is in the items must be recognized and decided as fit or unfit for the administration. Investigation of the uprightness of the hair and synthetic segments in an item should likewise be thoroughly considered and decided as fit or unfit for the administration. By tuning in without interference, deciphering the message, and making a shared comprehension alongside the cautious examination of information got innovativeness le

Analysing Strategy And Operations Management - Free Essay Example

Todays business environment is complex, dynamic and uncertain and is influencing the strategies of modern enterprises (Beirnat, 2004). It is generally understood that there is a growing change in relationships between buyers and sellers which are impacting the way in which business is conducted (Buttle, 2007). Industry reports suggest that changes in todays social and economic environment have had an impact on consumer spending behaviours. In such an unpredictable environment, the management of customer relationships becomes vital to the success of a business (Dyche, 2002). This realisation has prompted studies in the area of strategic management with the aim of gaining an understanding of a firms internal and external environment and developing strategies to exploit internal capabilities and external opportunities (Slack et al, 2006). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the activities of John Lewis and explore its business operations in relation to Michael Porters generic strategies model. The paper will continue by examining Michael Porters value chain analysis and apply the theories practically to John Lewis. The paper will also discuss how the added value creates distinctive competences and lead to a competitive advantage for the business. Company Background John Lewis plc John Lewis is a UK retailer which comes under the umbrella name of John Lewis Partnership. The Group comprises of John Lewis department stores, Waitrose supermarkets, John Lewis Direct and the direct services company Greenbee. It is a public limited company owned by its employees (Partners) who influence the running the business and who benefit from a share of the companys annual profits. The chain has an upmarket image which appeals strongly to a middle class core customer base. Chart 1: John Lewis Plc market share 2003 2007 (Mintel, 2007) The chart shows the market share growth for John Lewis from 2003 to 2007. The chart displays a steady growth pattern during this period. It would be fair to suggest that John Lewis has been performing well within the market as it market share has grown year on year. Mintel reports forecast that the retailer will continue to witness steady growth within its industry and states that John Lewis will be one of few retailers who will sustain growth despite changes in the economic climate and consumer spending behaviours. Activities John Lewis department stores offer a wide range of goods, including electrical, home garden, sports and fashion goods, with many brands exclusive to John Lewis. Waitrose supermarkets sell a large number of own-brand goods which are mainly in the food and household-cleaning sectors. Both parties place emphasis on quality goods and customer service, rather than low prices. To date the partnership comprises of 234 Waitrose supermarkets, 30 John Lewis department stores, John Lewis Direct an online and catalogue business and Waitrose a online grocery service, Greenbee a direct services company, which is supported by nine distribution centres, three production units and a farm. The Partnership has implemented a programme of social activities for partners, which includes a golf club; playing fields and tennis courts; two large country estates with parklands; a sailing club with five cruising yachts and two country hotels offering holiday accommodation for partners. Partners are also enrolled in a pension scheme, given very generous holidays, and are part of a death in service insurance scheme. Additionally, upon completing twenty five years of service with the Partnership, they are given six month paid break. Principles The John Lewis Partnership defines its business on seven distinctive principles. They acclaim that these principles are as relevant to todays business environment as they were when first introduced by its founder, John Spedan Lewis in 1906. [See Appendix 1 for Partnership Principles] These principles are considered the backbone of the Partnerships activities and ultimately the force behind the success of the Partnership. The notion of trust and respect to all its members, customers and business partners is incorporated into the Partnerships business strategy: The Partnerships reputation is founded on the uniqueness of our ownership structure and our commercial success. Our purpose is the happiness of all our members, through their worthwhile, satisfying employment in a successful business, with success measured on our ability to sustain and enhance our position both as an outstanding retailer and as a thriving example of employee ownership. (John Lewis Partnership, 2002) The strategy is centred on satisfying three independent objectives: partners, customers and profit. They state that these objectives demand an appetite of innovation, continuous improvement and enterprise to maintain the spirit of their commercial and democratic capability. This ideology will be explored in further detail to verify its true validity. Stakeholder Groups The Partnership has recognised the importance of its operations in relation to their internal and external environment. This is apparent when considering the Partnerships Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). They state that the management of social, ethical and environmental issues involve everyone and through active engagement with their stakeholders they determine their business priorities, how they manage and monitor their performance, how they determine their business goals and objectives, and how they ensure that they are living up to their promises on a daily basis. This is achieved through the alignment of the Partnership seven business principles and current thinking on their corporate social responsibility. This alignment sets out how the business perceives its responsibilities in terms of community investments, environmental protection, responsible sourcing and trading and workplace equality, diversity and dignity. This is communicated through the Partnerships corpor ate social responsibility policy: As a responsible retailer, owned beneficially by our employees (Partners), we believe that the long-term future of the Partnership is best served by respecting the interests of all our stakeholders: Partners, customers, suppliers and the wider community. We look actively for opportunities to improve the environment and to contribute to the wellbeing of the communities in which we trade. Our CSR policy sets out the principles we follow and the programmes we have developed to focus on the areas where we have significant impact or influence. (John Lewis Partnership, 2002) The corporate social responsibility policy is based on four key principles: shared responsibility, honesty and accountability, sustainable progress, and demonstrable progress; and four programmes are set in place to ensure its governance: environment, relationships, communities and partners [see Appendix 2 for CSR principles and programmes]. Competition Keynote reports state the retail industry is one which is face with strong competition from small family-run stores to larger multinational well established outlets. Mintel reports state that each retailer tries to differentiate itself from the competition, but the strategy that the company uses to sell its products is the most important factor. Mintel reports further state that the department store market can be divided into the following main areas: Luxury department stores: Harrods, Harvey Nichols and Selfridges. Middle market department stores: Debenhams, Marks and Spencer (MS) and John Lewis. Price-led department stores: The Co-operative, TJ Hughes and Boyes. John Lewis falls into the category of middle market department stores. The middle market retailing area will be the focus of this paper. The key players in this market are: Marks and Spencer, John Lewis, Debenhams and House of Fraser [See Appendix 3 for company profiles]. Industry reports state that the market leader is Marks and Spencer despite having a dip in sales and market share over recent years. The number two player, John Lewis is said to be further widening the gap between itself and rival player number three Debenhams. House of Fraser is the number four player who appears to have struggled most during the recession. [See appendix 4 for industry trends] Analysis Competitive Advantage The early 1980s witnessed growth of theoretical studies surrounding the concept of competitive advantage with the objective of defining strategic goals of a business (Kak Sushil, 2002). A key writer on competitive advantage is Michael Porter (1985) who stated that the goal of all businesses is to achieve a competitive advantage in relation to its industry rivals. Porter (1980) developed the five forces model as a framework for analysing industry competitiveness. This model enabled managers to understand the external business environment, identify opportunities and threats, and allowed them to develop strategies to compete with industry rivals. The PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) or PESTEL analysis (including Environmental and Legal factors) is another framework developed to allow managers understand the external environment. John Lewis Partnership PEST Analysis Political: Political stability, tax policy, environmental regulations Economic: Economic growth, inflation rates, unemployment rates, interest rates Social: Demographics, class structure, attitudes Technological: Technology incentives, RD activity, technological developments These are the key factors of the external environment that affect John Lewis based on the PEST analysis. Factors such as class structure and technological developments have a direct impact on the Partnership due to the nature of the business and because of its core customer base. Other factors such as political stability, economic growth and unemployment rates have a greater impact on the retail industry and influence consumer buying behaviour. It is fair to conclude that the Partnership as responded effectively to changes in the external environment based on considering the activities of the business. Industry rivalry has witnessed a shift in core business activities from traditional methods suc h as bricks and mortar and high street store to bricks and clicks where stores also have an online presence. The partnership adopted an online presence in 2001 and has since witness rapid sales and profit growth as a result. According to Porter (1985), merely achieving a competitive advantage is not enough for long term success but rather developing a strategy that allows for creating and sustaining a superior competitive advantage is essential for long term business success. Porter (1980), also states that a sustainable competitive advantage is one which is difficult to duplicate and allows a firm to gain higher profits than its rivals. Acquiring and sustaining a competitive advantage can be seen as the primary strategic aim of a firm in todays dynamic business environment (Beirnat, 2004). Heerkens (2006), states that the following elements are required to enable a firm to develop an effective competitive strategy: A firm must clearly define itself in terms of its basis fo r competing, and its standards for measuring its success. A firm must develop a methodical understanding of its internal strengths and weaknesses. A firm must evaluate its strengths and weaknesses and specifically focusing on its position relative to the external business environment. A company must develop policies and methods to communicate information to all areas within the business. Buttle (2007) stresses the importance of understanding a firms internal environment and building on unique capabilities for gaining a competitive advantage. The SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) was developed as s tool for analysing the internal and external environment. It provides a firm with useful information for matching its resources and capabilities to the environment in which it operates. It is argued that successful strategies depend on accumulating competencies and exploiting them by matching these competencies to the market opportunities (Kak Su shil, 2002). Identifying a firms core competences is the key to making this connection. [See Appendix 5 for John Lewis SWOT Analysis] Core competencies Core competencies are often described as a collection skills and resources that enable a firm to add value to its business operations (Porter, 1980). Kak and Sushil (2002), state that a firms organisational learning, effective technology management, and people provide important sources of core competences. The effective management of such resources and the ability to link between a firms resources and business strategy can be considered as key for sustaining a competitive advantage (Slack et al, 2006). Heerkens (2006), suggest a firms core competences should possess the following five characteristics in order to add maximum value to its operations: They should provide a firm with an opportunity to gain access to a wide variety of products and markets. They should be capable of contributing in a demonstrative way to the benefits of end products, as perceived by customers and they are able to impact what customers care about. They should make a company unique in compariso n to industry rivals. They should be difficult for competitors to duplicate. They are should be stable and sustainable. It is fair to suggest that the core competences in the case of John Lewis are its employees (Partners). The Partnerships unique structure means that each partner has a vested interested in the success of the business. They strive at serving customers to the best of their abilities to ensure customer leave with a memorable and pleasurable experience thus strengthening the brand of the business and instilling customer loyalty. These are intangible core competence which can prove difficult to measure and manage. As a result, rival firms have found it difficult to replicate such a competency and this is evident when considering industry market share figures and customer satisfaction surveys. It is argued that this strategy has proved successful to the Partnership and has resulted in long lasting relationships with customers crossing generations. The Partner ships outlets can be considered as tangible or physical competencies. The Partnership has carefully selected the locations of its large multifunctional outlets in popular busy cities to focus their efforts towards their core customer base. Oxford Street is the location of their head office branch and with 3 other outlets in London, 3 in Scotland and many other outlets across England and Wales. It is fair to suggest that these outlets have been strategically placed at busy upmarket locations to maximise their sale potential. Arguably, the added value created by the Partnerships core competences can also be regarded as it distinctive capabilities because these attributes characterise the business and has given the Partnership a competitive advantage superior to that of its rivals. Competing retailers have attempted to replicate these capability but arguably have not witness equal measures of success as John Lewis, Generic Strategy Model Porter (1980), states that a firm can achieve a competitive advantage either by selling its products and services at a lower price or by differentiating its products and services. This calls for an understanding of Michael Porters generic strategies model. The model identifies 3 distinctive strategies as sources of a competitive advantage: Cost Leadership Strategy, Differentiation Strategy and Focus Strategy. [See Appendix 6 for Generic Strategies] It is fair to suggest that John Lewis has implemented a hybrid strategy which includes elements of a focus strategy and a differentiation strategy. Their strategy is deemed a focus strategy in terms their core middle class customer base instead of aiming their product to the mass market. Arguably, this is because of the type of products the retailer is offering to its customer and due to the price of their products which are often higher than competition. The Partnership believes that their higher prices are justified and that their c ustomers do not just benefit from a transaction but leave with a memorable experience. It is fair to suggest that this strategy has been successful for the business when considering their sale figures as the Partnerships sales were up ÂÂ £204.7m, 3%, to ÂÂ £6.97bn at the end of 2009. Notably, the Partnerships online operations witnessed a sales increase of ÂÂ £64.8m, 24.2% to ÂÂ £332.9m. Differentiation is another strategic direction the business strives towards. One way in which this is achieved is by ensuring that their Partners receive extensive product knowledge training in order to answer almost any possible question their customer may have about their products. Another way in which this is achieved is in their efforts in satisfying their customers. They strive at providing their customers with the best possible service and setting their standards above what they perceived to be satisfactory within the industry they operate. It is fair to suggest that the y have been successful in their efforts as they their online business, John Lewis Direct was voted best online retailer of the year by Which in May 2010. The Partnerships sister company Waitrose was also voted best supermarket of the year in September 2010, for a second year running. Murray (1988), states that the Porters generic strategies concept is disappointing because it does not explain how any generic strategies can be implementing, it is confusing and it disfavours practicing managers by advocating limitations to adopting a single generic strategy where no empirical evidence exist to support such a limitation. He argues that the contingency approach is a way of overcoming such limitations associated with Porters generic strategy model as it dismisses the perception of limiting oneself to a single strategy and it also demonstrates that each generic strategy is associated with a cluster of generic means. This argument and other alternative theories must be explored in gr eater detail by researchers and decision makers to gain a truly holistic perspective on current strategic thinking. It is of value exploring contrary conceptual frameworks and supporting theories in order to gain a true understanding of the study area and for discerning which concepts and theories can be applied practically to a satiation or a unique business. Value Chain Organisational planning and control often focus on the performance of several different business functions within a firm (Buttle, 2007). Porters value chain analysis is a common way of displaying these business functions and is a useful framework to analyse specific activities which enable a firm to create value and ultimately develop a competitive advantage (Heerkens, 2006). The framework displays a sequence of business functions from which a firm can add value to its operations through various primary and support activities (Porter, 1985). [See Appendix 7 for Value Chain] Porter (1980), states that the value chain model is a useful tool for analysing a firms core competences and identifying its distinctive capabilities. Heerkens (2006) suggests that the successful management of value chain activities involves the management of the outcomes with an awareness of inputs, rigorous management of the several channels and flows, and the management of relationships which include: inte rnal relationships, business relationships and customer relationships. In the case of John Lewis, it can be argued that service is the businesses core primary activity with marketing and sale being secondary. This assessment is based on their applied differentiation strategy from porters generic strategies model where interactions with their customer are at the centre of their business philosophy. It is fair to suggest that service ensures customer satisfaction and customer retention for the Partnership whilst sales and marketing facilitates continued profit and growth for the business which will ultimately benefit their partners who are the owners of the business and receive a percentage of the profits the business generates. The partnership has two key support activities which complement its primary activities. It can be argued that the Partnership Human Resource Management through recruitment and selection practices ensures that the business attracts and retains high standa rds within its workforce. It is in the best interest of the business to employ individuals with the passion and drive for success and who will also adopt the spirit of the Partnership in order to maintain its strong reputation and high standards. Technology developments such as having an online presence is said to be another means adopted by the Partnership to exploit its core competencies. Mintel reports states that the Partnerships online presence has grown from strength to strength since its initial introduction in 2001. Arguably, the Partnership is using their website as a mean to not only reach customer in remote location but also to target their marketing and sales activities and increase the growth potential. Conclusion The strategic direction of a firm is one of great importance to managers in todays business environment. Michael Porter provides several conceptual frameworks which support decision makers in understanding their internal and external environment as well as evaluating potential threats and possible opportunities. Key theorists within the study area discuss Porters Generic Strategies Model and Value Chain Model as exhibiting essential characteristics in understanding a firms activities and exploiting core competencies. In the case of the John Lewis Partnership, Porters theories have provided valuable information to facilitate the understanding of the business and the environment in which it operates. Gaining such an understanding will allow decision makers not only to measure and control performance but also develop and implement future strategies to ensure continued growth for the business. It is of value to explore alternative conceptual frameworks in addition to Porters theo ries when conducting research in the study area to enable a truly holistic perspective on future studies and to mitigate any limitations associated with past theories and isolated or abstract theoretical deductions. References Beirnat, J. E., 2004. Strategic management: Text Cases. 1st ed. New York: McGraw Hill. Boddy, David., 2005. Management: An Introduction. 3rd ed. London: Prentice Hall. Businessballs, (2008). Learning and Development Resource. [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.businessballs.com [accessed 13 October, 2010] Buttle, Francis., 2007. Customer Relationship Management: Concepts and Tools. 3rd ed, Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd. Debenhams (2001), [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.debenhams.com/ [accessed 13 October, 2010] Dyche, Jill., 2002. The CRM Handbook: A Business Guide to Customer Relationship Management. 1st ed. Canada: Addison Wesley. Heerkens, Gary., 2006. The Business Savvy Project Manager: Indispensable Knowledge and Skills for Success. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. House of Fraser (1999), [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.houseoffraser.co.uk/ [accessed 13 October, 2010] John Lewis Direct (2001), [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.johnlewis.com [accessed 13 October, 2010] John Lewis Partnership (2002), [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.johnlewispartnership.co.uk/ [accessed 13 October, 2010] Kak, Anjana., and Sushil., 2002. Understanding Flexibility in Supply Chains: A Conceptual Framework and Models. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, Vol. 3, (4), pp. 23-38 Keynote (2007). The Home of Market Intelligence, [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.keynote.co.uk [accessed 13 October, 2010] Marks and Spencer (1999), [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.marksandspencer.com/ [accessed 13 October, 2010] Mintel (2007), Consumer and Market Insight, [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://academic.mintel.com [accessed 13 October, 2010] Murray, I., Alan., 1988. A Contingency View of Porters Generic Strategies. The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13, (3), pp. 390-400 NetNBA (2002), Business Knowledge Resource, [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.netmba.com/ [accessed 13 October, 2010] Porter, E., Michael., 1980. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. New York: The Free Press. Porter, E., Michael., 1985. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. 1st ed. New York: The Free Press. QuickMBA (1999), Online Knowledge Resource, [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.quickmba.com/ [accessed 13 October, 2010] Rowson, Pauline., 2009. Successful Marketing: Get Brilliant Results Fast. 1st ed. London: Crimson Publishing. Slack, Nigel., Chanbers, Stuart., Johnston, Robert., 2010. Operations Management. 6th ed. London: Prentice Hall Appendix 1 Partnership Seven Principles The Partnerships Seven Principles which define the business (John Lewis Partnership, 2002): Purpose: The purpose of the Partnership is the ultimate happiness of its members. This is through their worthwhile and satisfying employment in a successful business. The Partnership is owned in trust for its members who share the responsibilities of ownership of the business as well as its profit rewards, knowledge and power sharing. Power: There are three main governing authorities within the Partnership who share power; the Partnership Council, the Partnership Board and the Chairman. Profit: The aim of the Partnership is to make acceptable profit from its trading operations to sustain its commercial presence, to finance its continued development and to distribute a share of its profits to its members each year. The profits also enable the Partnership to undertake other activities consistent with the aims of the business. Members: The aim of the Partnership is to employee indiv iduals of ability and integrity who are committed to working together and ultimately to supporting the principles of the Partnership. Relationships are based on mutual respect and courtesy, with equality between its members as differences of responsibility permit. The aim of the Partnership is to recognise each individuals contributions and to reward them fairly. Customers: The aim of the Partnership is to deal honestly with its customers and to secure their loyalty and trust by providing excellent choice, value and service. Business Relationships: The aim of the Partnership is to conduct all its business relationships with integrity and courtesy and to honour accurately every business agreement. The Community: The aim of the Partnership is to obey with spirit and the letter of the law and to contribute to the wellbeing of the communities in which the Partnership operates. Appendix 2 Corporate Social Responsibility (John Lewis Partnership, 2002) Principles Shared Responsibility: The Partnerships unique structure means that its members share the responsibilities of ownership and benefit from its rewards. The aim of the Partnership is to develop and implement social and environmental policies which fit in with its members everyday responsibilities and activities. Honesty and Accountability: The democratic ownership structure means sharing power, profit and knowledge. The Partnership communicates its environmental policies, objectives and performance openly and honestly to its partners and to others who share an interest in the business activities, including customers and suppliers. The Partnership encourages them to communicate with the business and continuously seek their views. Sustainable Progress: The Partnership is committed to improving its performance. They take into account technical developments, changing scientific evidence, costs and customer concerns and expectations in the development and implementation of all new so cial and environmental policies and procedures. They monitor their performance, set regular objectives for improvements and report business progress. Demonstrable Compliance: The Partnership guarantees to meet all relevant legislation and exceed where possible. Where no legislation exists they aim to develop and implement their own appropriate working practices and business standards. Programmes Environment: The aim of the Partnership is take all reasonable steps to manage its operations so as to minimise the environmental impact and to promote good environmental practice. They set and follow high standards in food production, quality and safety. They promote responsible and sustainable methods of agriculture, animal husbandry and biodiversity; and review regularly the business practices and performance to identify how they can improve their energy efficiency, minimise packaging and reduce water usage, waste disposal and air emissions. Relationships: They will conduct their business relationships with integrity and courtesy, and honour all trading commitments. Their aim is to build long-term relationships with suppliers and provide support for small, local, specialist producers. The Partnership is committed to trading fairly with all it suppliers, and will communicate their responsible sourcing expectations to them in the areas of health, safety and worker welfare, sust ainable and profitable agriculture, high animal welfare standards, biodiversity and good environmental practice. Communities: They aim to build lasting relationships with their customers, suppliers and the local communities by encouraging Partners to consider the needs of others and involve themselves in public service. They obtain a wide range of views on their social and environmental policies and performance. Partners: They will respect their Partners and encourage individual training and development. They will promote equality as differences in responsibilities permit and consider the interests of their Partners including their welfare, health and safety. The aim of the Partnership is to empower Partners and they will recognise individual contributions and reward Partners fairly. Their ultimate aim is the happiness of its members through their worthwhile and satisfying employment in a successful business Appendix 3 Marks and Spencer plc Marks and Spencer is a leading clothing retailer in the UK and a major operator in the grocery sector. The retailer operates 600 stores in the UK and 300 stores internationally in over 40 territories. The company has witnessed a rapid recovery within the retail sector under the management of Stuart Rose until a more subdued second half of 2007/08 (Mintel, 2007). According to Keynote reports, Marks and Spencer has made promising progress towards resurrection in recent years. This has been achieved by re-establishing its style and value credentials through improvements to product offer, price positioning, stores and marketing. Other improvements to cost controls and buying have helped sales and profit margins Chart 2: Marks and Spencer market share 2003 2007 (Mintel, 2007) The chart shows a steady increase of market share for Marks and Spencer from 2003 to 2007 with the exception of 2007 as the retailer lost market share. This could have been due to a global economic crisis resulting in changes in consumer spending behaviours. Debenhams plc Debenhams is a leading UK department store chain with a greater preference to fashion than home products. The store has differentiated itself through a large portfolio of private labels, including popular designers at Debenhams ranges. International franchising is a small but rapidly growing part of the retailers business. Debenhams has 153 stores across the UK and Ireland and a fully transactional website, reflecting Debenhams commitment to offering customer greater value, a wider choice and excellent service across every area in which it operates. Chart 3: Debenhams market share 2003 2007 (Mintel, 2007) The chart shows the market share activity for Debenhams from 2003 to 2007. There appears to have been some steady growth for the retailer from 2003 to 2005, however, they suffered a loss in 2006 and struggled to regain their position as there was no market share changes from 2006 to 2007. House of Fraser Ltd House of Fraser is one of the oldest department stores in the UK. The department store was founded in Glasgow, Scotland in 1749. Mintel reports state that the department store had lost its way in the new millennium resulting in repositioning itself as a premium brand under its new owners, the Highland Group in November 2006. The early signs appear promising, but it is argued that many question marks remain. House of Fraser has 62 stores across the UK and Ireland and a fully transactional website. The retailer offers luxurious items at affordable prices; from beauty essentials to home accessories. The premium department store strives to offer its customers an enjoyable and pleasant shopping experience both, online and in store. Chart 4: House of Fraser market share 2003 2007 (Mintel, 2007) The chart shows the market share activity for House of Fraser from 2003 to 2007. It is fair to suggest that the retailer has struggled relatively more to retain customers and generally maintain growth across this period. The retailer lost market share between 2003 and 2004, it then grew market share in 2005. However, this was short lived as there appeared to be a steady decline from 2005 to 2007 with 2007 displaying the lowest market share figures for the retailer during that period. Appendix 4 Industry Trends Department stores operate in several different product markets which make the business more complex than specialist formats. However, it is argued that having such a variation of products offer a measure of protection to the business (Mintel, 2007). Keynote reports suggest that demand for core department store products like clothing, brown goods and personal care products were strong during the five years leading up to 2007. Despite this many department stores failed to capitalise fully on the boom times and lost market share to industry rivals. The financial crisis of 2008/09 has resulted in a change in customer spending patterns. Industry reports suggest that customers have favoured lower ticketed items for themselves and their homes over discretionary purchases such as furniture, brown and white goods. As a result, department stores have found it increasingly difficult to compete with specialist operators like clothing or electrical retailers. Many retailers have responded by narrowing their product offering whilst others have focused their efforts on customer retention and reviewed their pricing policies. Mintel reports state that the retail market has witnessed a 0.5% sales reduction in 2009 and predict that this trend will carry over into 2013. They state that the winners in the department store sector will be those that can adapt best to their customers changing needs, earn their loyalty and trust and at the same time keep a tight rein on cost and working capital. Figure 1: Consumer Confidence Index, Jan 2006-Oct 2008 (Mintel, 2007) Figure 1 shows a decline in consumer confidence, which was accelerated in July 2008. It is argued that this was a result of an increase in prices such as utility bills and the news that inflation was continuing to rise. Mintel sources suggest that a less confident consumer is more likely to cut back on discretionary spending which will have a direct impact on department stores especially those operating in the middle market like John Lewis and Marks and Spencer. Figure 2: UK GDP growth, 1989-2008 (Mintel, 2007) Figure 2 shows the lowest growth rate since the last recession. This supports the argument that the external environment is having a direct impact on consumer behaviour and ultimately affecting the British economy. Figure 3 displays the sales and market share figures for the key department store competing within the middle market sector. The figures for both sales and market share support the argument that Mark and Spencer is the clear leader within the industry. This is no surprise when considering the number of outlets Mark and Spencer has compared with the other department stores especially John Lewis. However, John Lewis has 1/3 of the number of outlets compared with House of Fraser and almost 1/6 of the amount of outlets compared to Debenhams and has a higher sales and market share figure compare to both department stores. It would be fair to suggest that John Lewis is doing exceptionally well among its industry competition even against Marks and Spencer when considering al l the figures together. Appendix 5 John Lewis Partnership SWOT Analysis Strengths: The Partnership has a strong reputation amongst its customers resulting in strong customer loyalty; there is an underlying perception of value for products and services allowing for higher premiums in product prices; an online presence enables the Partnership to compete amongst industry rivals and reach customer in remote locations. Weaknesses: The Partnership has a very large selection of product from small electrical items to large white good and furniture items making it difficult to compete with specialist retailers; the Partnership only has department store within the UK unlike some of its rivals. Opportunities: The Partnerships website is used to increase marketing activities and online sales; the partnership has recently expanded its product offering into the financial services market by introducing John Lewis insurance which has proved successful suggesting that further growth in this area to be advantageous; the partnership recently introduced its value ra nge which has proved successful thus attracting a new customer base and increasing market share. Threats: The competitive rivalry within the retail industry from small family business to large multinational firm and direct competition from other department stores to specialist retailers; the UK retail market has been affected by economic changes and economic concerns through the credit crunch; Changes in consumer spending behaviours require further market analysis and as technology develops consumer buying patterns change which will result in product areas requiring evaluation. Appendix 6 Porters Generic Strategies Target Scope Advantage Low Cost Product Uniqueness Broad (Industry Wide) Cost Leadership Strategy Differentiation Strategy Narrow (Market Segment) Focus Strategy (low cost) Focus Strategy (differentiation) Cost Leadership: The aim of this strategy is to sell products and service at the lowest price in the industry. This strategy is effective if a firm can command prices close to industry averages and without having to give away the cost advantage by discounting prices. Differentiation: The aim of this strategy is to make a product or service unique so as to be perceived as better value to customers when compared with industry rivals. The concept of value can be considered tangible as in product characteristic or intangible like company image and brand recognition. Focus: This aim of this strategy is to adopt a narrow competitive scope in the industry. This can be achieved by targeting specific market segments such as customers with unique requirements or within a geographical location. Alternatively, cost focus is acquiring specialised machinery that can handle specific market needs effectively like creating short product runs.

Death Penalty Essay Writing Guide

Death Penalty Essay Writing Guide So you are about to start writing an essay on Death Penalty, and you are having trouble getting started. This guide  will provide the different steps required along with recommendations. We can assure you if you take the advice presented in this article you will not only be able to write the perfect Death Penalty essay, but you will receive a good grade as well. The first step in writing your essay on death penalty would be knowing the true definition of it. According to Dictionary.com, death penalty is defined as a punishment by death for a crime. You should also know that death penalty is also referred to as capital punishment. Types of Death Penalty Essays The first step in writing this paper will be figuring out what type of essay you will be completing. If you are going to examine or analyze something related to Death Penalty, you would want to go with an analytical essay. If you are trying to persuade the reader to believe an opinion you are stating, you would want to go with a persuasive essay. If you are investigating or evaluating death penalty you should go with an expository essay. If you are going to provide an argument on death penalty that you want the reader to believe is stronger or more truthful than other established arguments of the same degree, you would need to go with an argumentative essay. Death Penalty Essay Topics Now that you have decided the type of essay you will be writing, the next step will be coming up with a captivating topic and thesis statement. Obviously, the specific type of essay you will be completing will determine your main topic and thesis statement. Below are some topics which you could use in writing your essay on death penalty. – Purpose of death penalty and its effectiveness in deterring crime. – Various methods of the death penalty, and which is the most effective (cost wise and efficiency wise) – The death penalty provides a deterrent to future criminals who commit murder – Sometimes the death penalty is applied in an unfair manner Death Penalty Essay Thesis Statements – The death penalty is an outdated punishment that is only used in countries with backwards legal systems. – The death penalty is a just punishment for horrific crimes. Countries that do not use it coddle their criminals. – The death penalty is the only way to deter people from committing terrible crimes. – The death penalty does not work to keep people from murdering each other. – The death penalty cannot possibly be administered fairly and must be abolished. – The death penalty is necessary so that people in a society will feel like justice is being done. *source: enotes.com Death Penalty Essay Sources So you figured out the type of essay, the main topic, and your thesis statement. Now you must find some very good relevant sources to either backup or dispute your statement. This shouldn’t be too hard of a task given that there are so many different books, articles, and magazines which you can find both online and in a local or University library. When using sources in your essay it is recommended that they were written in the past 3 years as anything longer than that may be too outdated to help your statement. Also be aware that some Universities have restrictions on what sources can and can not be used, how many online sources can be used, or even how many sources in total can be utilized. Several years ago Wikipedia.com was a source which you could not use for writing an essay. Professors felt that the content was not regulated correctly and that anyone can post about any topic, even if they are not considered an expert. In recent years, the editorial at Wikipedia has improved drastically and editors now require that all information added to a specific article must be properly cited by a reputable source. Since this time Colleges have now become more acceptable of this source. Wikipedia Article on Death Penalty Another option for reputable sources would be Google Scholar. Basically it’s a search engine of quality resources on all the most popular and widely debated issues. You have the option of selecting sources from both books and magazines. Some of the books and articles are available for free, some offer only a few pages of text, while others you will be required to purchase. You can also request that the citations for the article to be provided as well. Google Scholar Death Penalty Articles Finally, you remember Encyclopedia Britannica from back in the day. The original version of this highly popular source started out on a 5.25 or 3.5 disc then worked its way to a cd-rom and dvd. Now you can search their website online and find tons of resources, references, etc. Encyclopedia Britannica Articles on Death Penalty Citing Death Penalty Sources Part of the task is securing quality and recently written sources on Death Penalty. The other part of this equation is knowing how to cite sources within your essay as well as completing a correctly formatted work cited or bibliography page. Most of the time your requirements will specify the citation method which would be either MLA – Modern Language AAssociation, APA – American Psychology Association, or Chicago style. Below we have provided an example of a source used within an essay on death penalty, along with the correctly formatted entry for the bibliography. MLA Style: In-text Citation: Support for the death penalty differs among various denominations. For instance, nearly 74% of evangelical Protestants support the death penalty, while among those who do not claim a religious affiliation, only 58% support the death penalty (Ruby) Source Format for Work Cited / Bibliography: Ruby, R.† An Enduring Majority: Americans Continue to Support the Death Penalty.† LEGAL REPORT December 19, 2007 by Robert Ruby, Senior Editor, Pew Forum on Religion Public Life . Web, 5 May 2010. http://pewforum.org/Death-Penalty/An-Enduring- Majority-Americans-Continue-to-Support-the-Death-Penalty.aspx APA Style: In-text Citation: He says, â€Å"The chief consequences of resting the defense of the death penalty on retribution is that it makes criticism of executions on grounds of justice, or reason, or experience, increasingly difficult† (Bedau 2004, page 10). Source Format for Work Cited / Bibliography: Bedau, H.A. (2004). The death penalty in America, yesterday and today. Killing as Punishment: Reflections on the Death Penalty in America. Northwestern UP: Boston, MA. 3-15. Death Penalty Introduction In our death penalty overview, you can find information about what the death penalty is, where it is in use, and how many executions are done in each jurisdiction. Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty There are a number of arguments for and against the death penalty.   Understanding those pros and cons is critical, not only for academic assignments about the death penalty, but for you to determine: do you agree with the death penalty.   Our pro and con papers explore the arguments people make for and against the death penalty, whether they are based on moral reasoning or simply financial and logistical concerns linked to the ultimate punishment. The Death Penalty: A Worldwide Perspective Opinions about the death penalty vary wildly from country-to-country.   Therefore, there is no single death penalty worldwide perspective.   Most Western â€Å"first-world† nations have abolished the death penalty, and even those countries that have not abolished capital punishment have taken steps to limit its application and scope. For example, most jurisdictions with capital punishment limit the offenses that can trigger a death sentence, prohibit punishing children, prohibit punishing the mentally ill, and prohibit punishing the mentally disabled.   However, there is a significant amount of disagreement regarding teenagers and the death penalty, much of which seems to focus on the different ages of legal majority found in countries around the world. Death Penalty in America Our resources on the death penalty in America examine the issue from a historical perspective, the socio-political arguments for and against the penalty, and the current status of the death penalty in America. Death Penalty in India Our resources on the death penalty in India examine the issue from a historical perspective, the socio-political arguments for and against the penalty, and the current status of the death penalty in India. Death Penalty in Australia Our resources on the death penalty in Australia examine the issue from a historical perspective, the socio-political arguments for and against the penalty, and the current status of the death penalty in Australia. Death Penalty in South Africa Our resources on the death penalty in South Africa examine the issue from a historical perspective, the socio-political arguments for and against the penalty, and the current status of the death penalty in South Africa. Death Penalty History Because almost all societies have, at some point in time, embraced capital punishment, the history of the death penalty is fascinating from legal, social, political, and religious perspectives.   The history of the death penalty traces the evolution of deadly corporal punishment from a public punishment meant to deter future offenses to the modern iterations of the death penalty worldwide. Opinion on the Death Penalty When first asked to give an opinion about the death penalty, many people believe that they would either fully support the death penalty or fully oppose the death penalty.   This type of black or white thinking depends, in part, on approaching the death penalty from a purely moral perspective.   However, whether the death penalty is morally wrong or morally right is not a clear-cut issue.   Our death penalty resource center explores the moral arguments supporting the death penalty and the moral arguments that the death penalty is wrong.   In addition, these death penalty resources use facts and figures to bolster and substantiate moral arguments. Benefits of the Death Penalty In our pro death penalty argumentative resources, you can find support for a position in favor of the death penalty and reasons why the death penalty should not be abolished.   These resources might examine recidivism rates among violent offenders, the relative costs of incarceration and immediate execution, and even moral or religious arguments in favor of the death penalty. Disadvantages of the Death Penalty In our anti-death penalty resources, you can find support for a position in favor of abolishing the death penalty.   These reasons include wrongful executions, cost, a lack of deterrent effect, and religious and moral objections to the death penalty. Is the Death Penalty Effective? One of the core disputes in the death penalty debate is whether the death penalty is an effective punishment.   In order to answer this question, one must first define the goals of the criminal justice system and its punishments.   Criminal punishments are meant to impact a particular defendant, but also serve other functions in society.   These functions are generally referred to as: retribution, punishment, and deterrence.   Examining whether the death penalty is effective requires examining whether how well it fulfills each of these functions. Should the Death Penalty Be Allowed? Even if the death penalty is an effective punishment, whether or not it should be allowed requires consideration of questions other than efficacy.   Some of these arguments are technical, while others are personal reasons that people give for supporting or opposing the death penalty.   A discursive on the death penalty examines all of these reasons to come to a conclusion about capital punishment. Teenagers and the Death Penalty One of the issues surrounding the death penalty is whether, if allowed, it should apply to all criminal defendants.   While most jurisdictions bar the execution of young children, many permit the execution of teenage and young adult defendants.   However, a growing body of scientific research on teenagers, especially teenage males, suggests that the teenage brain is not sufficiently mature to fully comprehend the consequences of their actions, which would call into question the appropriateness of the death penalty.   Our resource center examines the evidence. Death Penalty Essay  Examples Sometimes you just need to look at a sample essay and see how another student or professional completed their death penalty essay. Sample essays can help you come up with quality topics and thesis statements, arguments, and even resources. It can also show you how to correctly cite a source in the text of the paper and the proper format for a work cited and/or bibliography page. Sample Death Penalty Essay #1 – This paper discusses â€Å"Death Penalty in The United States† and how it does not serve it’s intended purpose in society. Basically the author of this paper is saying that Death Penalty should be eradicated from our Judicial System. This is a 6 page paper with 6 sources which is anti-death penalty. Sample Death Penalty Essay #2 – This paper discusses how â€Å"Death Penalty is a Fair Punishment for Murder†. The author of this essay provides several valid points as to why we should continue with capital punishment. The paper claims that taking someone else’s life is deserving of your own life when found guilty. This paper is a total of 6 pages with 4 sources and is pro-Death Penalty. Write My  Death Penalty Essay If after reading this article, you still are unable to come up with a format, thesis statement, or sources for your essay, you can request help from a tutor. They will work with you and provide you one-of-a-kind essay per your specific instructions. You could then use this example essay as a template/guideline/reference in helping you write your own paper. If you are interested in learning more about this very popular student assistance program, click here